Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Farid Paul Dawalibi

Introduction

Dr. Dawalibi has extensive experience in several fields related to power system grounding and safety, pipeline electrical interference and mitigation studies, and power equipment manufacturing and installation. Both a scientific researcher and an active industry consultant, he is well acquainted with the electrical power industry and the considerations involved when electrical power lines share right-of-way space with other utilities, such as gas transmission lines.

Dr. Dawalibi earned his B.Sc.A., Electrical Engineering degree at the École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs, affiliated to University of Lyon, and his M.Sc.A., and Ph.D. Electrical Engineering degrees respectively, at École Polytechnique affiliated to University of Montreal. He worked successively for the Shawinigan Engineering Company Limited of Montreal and Montel Inc. (Sprecher & Shuh) on various projects involving power system and power equipment design and performance evaluation. During all this time, Dr. Dawalibi conducted research on the effects of soil on power networks and grounding, publishing in IEEE Transactions and contributing material to IEEE Power Society working groups. In his capacity as member of IEEE Working Group 78.1, Substation Grounding, he has made important contributions to ANSI/IEEE Standard 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, a basic reference on electrical safety used throughout North America by electrical utility engineers in the design of substation grounding.

In 1978, Dr. Dawalibi co-founded SES, a company which specializes in and conducts significant R&D work in the area of power system grounding and safety, electromagnetic inductive and conductive interference, and all other related electrical interaction effects between power systems, soil and proximate nonenergized metallic facilities. Since that time, he has been responsible for the engineering activities of the company, including the development of specialized software and internally funded as well as externally sponsored R&D projects. These include the development of the ECCAPP software package (analysis of electromagnetic and conductive coupling effects between transmission lines and nearby pipelines) during a research project sponsored jointly by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Pipeline Research Committee (PRC) of the American Gas Association (A.G.A.). Dr. Dawalibi has also given many engineering seminars to electrical and pipeline utility engineers and provided continuous telephone support to the engineering departments of a number of utilities in Canada, the United States, and Saudi Arabia.

Grounding and Safety

Research

The following are representative externally-funded research projects performed under the direction of Dr. Dawalibi in this area:

Grounding Grid Performance During Lightning Discharges (Canadian Electrical Association, presently underway). Position paper summarizing the state-of-art in the analysis and design of substation grounding systems subjected to lightning strikes or high frequency current discharges and formulating recommendations and a prioritized list of items requiring further research work.

Study of Safety Grounding for Personnel Working on Distribution System Up to 50 kV (Canadian Electrical Association, presently underway). Study of overhead distribution system types operated by Canadian utilities, in order to formulate guidelines on temporary safety grounding applicable to all situations encountered by the maintenance personnel of Canadian utilities. Parametric analysis and literature search.

Analysis of Grounding Systems in Soils with Hemispherical Layering (Florida Power and Light Company, completed in September 1992). Computer software was developed for the modeling of substation grounding systems in or near hemispherical soil heterogeneities. This work was motivated by FPL's usual practice of replacing partially or totally the topmost native soil layers with improved fill.

Simplified Rules for Grounding Customer-Owned High Voltage Substations (CEA, completed in April 1989). A 22-month project (CEA Project 249-D-541) which resulted in the development of simplified rules for grounding customer-owned high voltage substations and new proposed wordings for Section 36 (Subsections 300 to 310 on grounding) and associated Appendix B notes of Part I of the Canadian Electrical Code (CSA Standard C22.1). The AUTOGRID software package also resulted from this project.

Transmission Line Grounding (EPRI, completed in 1982). Major 26-month project (EPRI Project 1494-1) on transmission line performance during power frequency and lightning aults; resulted in production of widely used GATL software package and two-volume reference book on this subject entitled Transmission Line Grounding. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, USA.

Canadian Electrical Association (CEA). Project on the effectiveness of substation grounding and the surface detection of buried damaged conductors.

Safe Engineering Services & technologies ltd. (SES, Montreal). Cooperative effort with Dr. Leonid Grcev of the University of Skopje, Yugoslavia. Work on a unified approach for calculating the low and high frequency, and the transient performance of a network of buried conductors.

Industry Experience: Utilities and Private Companies

The following are a sample of the numerous projects conducted by Dr. Dawalibi in the field of grounding and safety:

Seaholm Electric Substation Grounding Study (City of Austin, Texas - Electric Utility Department, completed April 1994). Computer modeling of extensive water pipe network and transmission line system associated with electric power plant and substation. A complex water pipe system was modeled to a radius of five miles from the power plant under study in order to accurately determine touch and step voltages and propose cost-effective remedial measures. Five substations and the associated 69 kV circuit s were also modeled. Training and customized power system grounding manual provided to City of Austin personnel.

Study of Grounding System of Les Cèdres Hydroelectric Complex (Hydro-Québec, completed October 1993). Evaluation of performance of existing grounding system of hydroelectric plant, including computer modeling of all buried conductors associated with the complex and detailed measurements of soil resistivity, grounding system impedance, touch and step voltages. Electrode spacings up to 3,800 feet were used. All measurements were made with frequency-selective equipment to screen out power system frequency noise.

Point Lepreau Grounding Interference Study (New Brunswick Power Corporation, completed July 1993). Analysis of interference effects associated with grounding system of Point Lepreau Nuclear Power Generating Station: site visit and recommendations.

Analysis of Grounding System Interconnections at PEPCO Generating Stations (Potomac Electric Power Company, completed in November 1992). Study of two proximate generating stations experiencing damage to equipment due to excessive differences in potential between the grounding systems of the two stations. This study demonstrated need for multiple low impedance interconnections in order to reduce GPR differences to acceptable levels.

Monroe Street Power Plant Grounding Study (Washington Water Power Company, completed in July 1992). Study of power plant grounding system, including penstock, dam and pedestrian promenade in order to determine ground resistance and touch voltages.

IPL Bethune Station Grounding Study (Interprovincial Pipe Line Company, completed in November 1990). Study of compressor station, including 72 kV substation, with associated grounding system, pipelines and conduits. The GPR and current distribution in all conductors (grounding system, pipelines and conduits) were computed. It was found that the extensive pipeline system contributed significantly to the quality of the grounding of the compressor station and no additional mitigation was required due to the resulting low GPR levels.

Andytown Substation Capacitor Bank Study (Florida Power and Light Company, completed in 1989). Study of performance of the peninsular grounding scheme used for the capacitor bank ground systems, for both power frequency faults and transients caused by capacitor bank switching, including the effects of in-rush currents.

Lightning Interference Analysis of Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant (Florida Power and Light Company, completed in May 1989). Testing and evaluation of the adequacy of the Turkey Point plant grounding system with respect to interference caused by direct lightning strikes.

CIDA. Study of local effects of earth currents flowing from capacitive coupling supply grounds during normal operating conditions. Alternating 60 Hz current was considered to examine its effects on safety and thermal stability of soil in the immediate vicinity of the Capacitive Coupling Supply unit (CCS). The study included an exhaustive computerized bibliographical search and the development of computer models which were used to analyze several problems involving various realistic soil characteristics and ambient climatic conditions.

Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Grounding studies, transmission line electromagnetic interference and power distribution design for B.P. Alaska 69 kV power distribution system in Prudhoe Bay.

Analysis and Design of Henday Substation Grounding, Manitoba-Hydro, Winnipeg, Canada.

Analysis and Design of Grounding Systems for Stations 418 and 109, Rochester Gas and Electric, New York, USA.

Conceptual Analysis, Design and Measurements for Grounding System at Mac-Millan Bloedell, Powell River Division, Powell River, British Columbia, Canada.

Analysis of Vancouver Center SF6 Substation Ground, B.C. Hydro, Vancouver, Canada.

Measurements and Measurement Result Analysis of Bell Canada Lightning Ground System, City of Dorval, Quebec.

Frequently consulted by firms specializing in electrical failure and interference investigations; prime consultant to Electro-Protection Inc., a failure/incident engineering investigation firm in Montreal.

Computer Software

Computer software developed by Dr. Dawalibi for power system grounding and safety studies include the following programs:

GATL (LINPA-RESIST-GTOWER-PATHS): Grounding Analysis of Transmission Lines. Software developed for EPRI.

AUTOGRID Analysis and automated design of small distribution substations. Software developed for CEA.

CDEGS (Current Distribution, Electromagnetic interference, Grounding, & Soil structure analysis) expert software system consisting of several engineering application packages which are used to perform computerized analysis and design of electrical grounding systems, pipeline interference and mitigation analyses, and a variety of other engineering studies involving electrical power systems. This software consists of the following programs: RESAP, MALT, MALZ, TRALIN, SPLITS, HIFREQ, FCDIST, FFTSES, SIDS, SICL, SMILS, SIRPS. Users of this software include the following: Pacific Gas and Electric Company (California), Lower Colorado River Authority (Texas), Houston Power and Light (Texas), Florida Power and Light, South Carolina Electric and Gas, Rochester Gas and Electric (New York), Ontario Hydro, Manitoba Hydro, TransAlta Utilities (Alberta), ARAMCO (Texas and Saudi Arabia), SNC Group, Consulting Engineers (Quebec).

MALZ Analysis of electromagnetic fields radiated by leaky conductors located in a dispersive medium.

SPLITS Short-circuit and inductive interference analysis (originally developed for ARAMCO).

RESAP Analysis of soil resistivity measurements to obtain multi-layer soil models using algorithms based on convolution and filter theory.

MALT Analysis of AC and DC behavior of grounding systems, cathodic protection studies.

TRALIN Transmission Line Performance : Interference, Line Parameters, and Electric Field Gradients.

HIFREQ Analysis of the high frequency and transient performance of a network of buried and above-ground conductors.

FCDIST Simplified short-circuit current distribution analysis.

FFTSES Fast Fourier Transform software.

Professional Societies and Standards Working Groups

Dr. Dawalibi is an active member of the following IEEE committees and task forces:

Working Group 81, Resistivity and Resistance Measurements: secretary since 1980

Working Group 78.1, Substation Grounding

Working Group on Transmission Lines

In recent years, Dr. Dawalibi has contributed to making extensive revisions of IEEE Standards 80 and 81 and has written substantial new portions of these documents.

Dr. Dawalibi has participated actively in a variety of conferences dealing with electrical system grounding and safety, including the First International Symposium on Electrical Shock Safety Criteria, Toronto, Canada, September 7-9, 1983. Experts from electrical utilities, universities and research laboratories all over the world attended this symposium to discuss problems associated with electrical shock and safety. This event was sponsored by Ontario Hydro, the Electrical Power Research Institute and the Canadian Electrical Association.

Memberships:

Canadian Society of Electrical Engineers

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Senior Member

Quebec Order of Engineers

Study of Electromagnetic and Conductive Interference in Pipelines

Research

Dr. Dawalibi was project manager and principal investigator of a major 34-month joint EPRI/A.G.A. (Electric Power Research Institute/American Gas Association) Project RP742-4/PR-176-510 on transmission line electromagnetic inductive and conductive interference effects on nearby pipelines during power frequency faults; resulted in production of the ECCAPP software package and reference book on the subject.

During years of internally and externally funded research at SES, Dr. Dawalibi and his research team have developed state-of-the-art computer software permitting the accurate evaluation of interference effects of electrical power lines on pipelines. Some of these computer programs are listed below.

Industry Experience: Utilities and Private Companies

Dr. Dawalibi was principal investigator in the following representative projects undertaken by SES in which electrical interference in pipelines was a problem:

1994 Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation Presently underway. Mitigation design study following Lenape Substation AC Interference Analysis (described below). Design study accounting for the multilayer soil structure at 16 measurement sites, in order to design gradient control wire and gradient control grid systems affording satisfactory protection of 20" gas pipeline with a minimum length of wire. Both normal operating conditions and fault conditions on the power system are of concern.

1994 Philadelphia Electric Company Determination of AC interference levels (conductive and inductive) occurring on 20" gas pipeline during load and fault conditions, as a result of construction of 230 kV/33 kV substation over pipeline. A 16-mile parallelism, including 7 transmission and distribution lines circuits and two substations in close proximity to the pipeline were modeled. Transferred voltages and AC interference mitigation effects of two nearby water pipe were considered.

1993 East Bay Municipal Utility District AC mitigation design study for three aboveground aqueducts parallel to one-mile length of 500 kV transmission line (new construction). Mitigation design accounts for substantial soil subsidence. Conductive coupling from structures and inductive coupling both studied. Detailed measurements to verify performance of mitigation system, due to both conductive and inductive coupling: excellent agreement with computer predictions. Measurements also verified that mitigation system does not disturb cathodic protection system.

1993 Texas Eastern Gas Pipeline Company AC interference study, mitigation design study for 4.2 mile length of 16" gas pipeline in Pennsylvania, subjected to interference from three 230 kV transmission line circuits. Mitigation designed for both steady state and fault conditions.

1987-93 ARAMCO Services Company & Saudi Consolidated Electric Company Analysis and mitigation of electrical interference in pipelines and communications cables near a 380 kV/230 kV transmission line network in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The computer model used to perform the study included 16 transmission line circuits, 19 pipelines, and 6 communication cables in a total 380 kV transmission line right-of-way length of over 200 km. This project was performed in three phases:

Phase I: Interference problem evaluation during fault and steady state conditions, identification of sites requiring mitigation, and creation of computer model.

Phase II: Examination of alternative mitigation methods (i.e., "brute force" approach versus cost-effective gradient control grids). The proposed mitigation, as requested, was based on the "brute force" approach; i.e., an attempt to reduce touch voltage hazards by grounding the pipeline via low impedance grounds, rather than controlling earth surface potentials around exposed pipeline surfaces.

Phase III: Detailed soil resistivity measurements at mitigation sites in order to permit gradient control wire systems to be designed. SES provided a special measurement approach based on frequency-selective equipment for environments with significant 60 Hz noise. A parametric analysis was performed and has provided reference curves which show, for 18 different transmission line structure types and 18 different soil structures, worst case touch voltages as a function of clearance of a pipeline or communications cable from each transmission line structure type. Implementation of cost-effective mitigation.

1991 Algonquin Gas Transmission Company Steady state/fault analysis and mitigation design for a 20" gas pipeline feeding a power plant and passing through an 11 mile length of right-of-way containing four 115 kV and two 345 kV transmission lines. The cathodic protection provided by the mitigation system was also studied.

1990-91 Texas Eastern Gas Pipeline Company Steady state/fault analysis and mitigation design for a 13 mile length of pipeline right-of-way involving a 36" pipeline, a 24" pipeline, and 7 transmission line circuits varying in voltage from 34.5 kV to 230 kV.

1988-91 ANR Pipeline Company Steady state/fault analysis and mitigation design for a 140 mile length of 24" pipeline parallel to two 345 kV lines in the State of New York. The project initially involved training ANR Engineers in the use of the ECCAPP computer program for simulation of electrical interference effects in the right-of-way. SES later became involved directly in the study and provided expert witness services during the hearing of the Public Service Commission of the State of New York (Case No. 88-T-132). During this study , a new highly effective mitigation design was developed and it was demonstrated that some designs advocated at the time were unsound.

1990 Wyoming-California Pipeline Company Steady state analysis and mitigation design for a 24 mile length of 30" pipeline parallel to two 345 kV transmission line circuits and one 138 kV circuit. This project involved the creation of a procedure for measuring soil resistivity which is virtually immune to 60 Hz noise from nearby AC power lines. This resulted in much more accurate modeling of soil structures in this interference study than was possible before.

1989 Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Company Steady state/fault analysis of an 11 mile length of 18" pipeline parallel to one 500 kV and six 161 kV transmission lines. All mitigation recommended for steady state and fault conditions was implemented in 1990.

1988 Algonquin Gas Transmission Company Steady state/fault analysis of a 6 mile length of 12" pipeline parallel to two 13.8 kV and two 115 kV transmission lines.

1985 Alberta Power Limited Conductive analysis of the effects of the Wapiti Electrical Substation, under power system fault conditions, on a nearby gas pipeline operated by Nova, an Alberta Corporation. The study determined the safe distances between the substation and pipelines.

1983 Trans-Canada Pipelines Inc. Inductive and conductive analysis and mitigation designs for the Trans-Quebec & Maritimes gas pipeline during power system faults on parallel Hydro-Quebec transmission lines and neighboring electrical substations. Mitigation was developed and installed.

1983 Westcoast Transmission Company Limited Electrified Railway Crossings of Westcoast Transmission's Grizzly Natural Gas Pipeline. Analysis, design and measurements of the electrical effects caused by the Quintette Coal railway electrical line on the buried pipeline. Mitigation was installed for steady state and fault conditions.

Computer Software

The following software was developed by Dr. Dawalibi or under his direction.

ECCAPP Analysis of electromagnetic and conductive coupling effects between transmission lines and nearby pipelines. Software package developed jointly for EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) and A.G.A. (American Gas Association).

MALZ

SPLITS

HIFREQ

Power Equipment Manufacturing and Installation

Industry Experience

Dr. Dawalibi's experience in the area of power equipment manufacturing and installation is summarized by the following projects:

1973-74 New Brunswick Electric Power Commission Protection and relay coordination for the Coleson Cove project; transmission planning for siting and connecting two 600 MW nuclear units.

1973-74 Volta River Authority, Ghana Transmission planning; load flow and stability studies.

1973-76 Transport Development Agency, Government of Canada High-speed linear induction motor, theoretical and experimental studies. Dr. Dawalibi has issued two reports and a technical paper on this subject. The MOLIN computer program also resulted from this work.

1974-75 James Bay Hydroelectric Project Responsible for load flow, motor starting, stability and grounding studies for the construction site of LG-2.

1974-75 Marine Industries Ltd. Project Engineer for feasibility study of new distribution system for Marine Industries Ltd., involving technical and economical comparison of alternatives: Extension of existing 120/ 13.8 kV substation Implementation of new 120/ 13.8 kV substation Implementation of new 25 / 13.8 kV substation.

1976-77 REM-Mirabel railway electrification project Project Engineer for electrification feasibility study (25 kV, 60 Hz) involving energy and power demand, voltage drop and shunt compensation, catenary selection, protection, electrical interference and grounding, and cost evaluation.

1978 Chromasco Ltd., Quebec, Canada Automatic Load-Shedding Systems Design.

1978 Technical training Two months extensive training in Europe (Switzerland, Germany and Belgium) in connection with Sprecher and Schuh HV and MV equipment for power systems (1978).

Dr. Dawalibi has acquired wide technical and practical experience, mainly on load break switches, circuit breakers (oil air and SF6), cubicles and metering transformers.

Computer Software

MOLIN Analysis of Linear Induction Motors With Compensated Windings.

MOSTA Motor Starting Analysis.

CHARG Analysis of High-Speed Electrical Trains, Station Loading, Catenary Voltage and Electrical Interference.

Miscellaneous Experience

Dr. Dawalibi has devoted considerable time to part-time teaching since his university studies.

From 1973 to 1975 he taught physics at several CEGEPS in the Montreal area (night courses).

In 1976, he gave post-graduate courses (evenings) at Concordia University (Montreal, Quebec) in collaboration with Dr. Mukhedkar.

From 1976 to 1978, he gave post-graduate evening courses at Université de Montréal (Montreal, Quebec).